Digitalization of citizens in EU member states: globalization and EU initiatives

Abstract

The development of digitalization in the countries of the European Union (EU) is a crucial factor shaping modern economies and societies. In the era of globalization, digitalization has become a foundation that influences the competitiveness of economies, innovation, and the quality of life of citizens. This article aims to provide a detailed assessment of the level of digitalization in individual EU countries based on available statistical data. The analysis includes indicators such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), households with Internet access at home, households with broadband Internet access, individuals who used the Internet away from home or work, individuals who have never used a computer, individuals ordering goods or services online for private use, individuals using the Internet to interact with public authorities, and the frequency of Internet use and online activities. These indicators have been normalized to allow for direct comparison and the creation of a ranking of the digitalization levels of EU countries. The results of the analysis indicate significant disparities in the level of digitalization between Western and Eastern EU countries, resulting from economic, social, and infrastructural differences.