The effects of membership in the Polish National Cittaslow Network
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24136/eq.2021.005Keywords:
Cittaslow, slow city, network of cities, city developmentAbstract
Research background: Identification of the effects achieved by cities owing to their membership in the Cittaslow network plays a role not only in the development of every city, but also in the growth of national and international Cittaslow networks. Being a member of the Cittaslow network, and thereby adopting the slow city development model, affects the process of urban management by directing it towards such activities that agree with the assumed development concept. The achieved effects, manifested in the social, economic, and spatial spheres, contribute to the improved quality of life in a slow city, which in turn influences its development.
Purpose of the article: Identification of the effects of membership of Polish cities in the Polish National Cittaslow Network.
Methods: The study included a diagnostic survey method. The diagnostic survey based on a standardized survey questionnaire was used to identify the effects achieved by the Polish cities in the Cittaslow network. The survey was addressed to mayors of all member cities in the Polish National Cittaslow Network. The survey was conducted in May 2020.
Findings & value added: The most important effects to date of cities being members of the Polish National Cittaslow Network, and their scale, have been investigated. An attempt was made to determine in which areas of urban life the effects become observable in a relatively short time (a few years), and which effects are attainable after a longer period of time. Major barriers to obtaining the desired effects were also identified. The research fills in a gap in this scope, as it provides a complex analysis of the effects of the membership of cities in the national Cittaslow network as seen by the city authorities. The results can serve to make comparative analyses of the effects achieved on different levels of development in the national Cittaslow networks, particular-ly in view of the fact that the Polish National Cittaslow Network is the second largest network in the world with respect to the number of member cities.
Downloads
References
Atkinson, R. (2019). The small towns conundrum: what do we do about them? Regional Statistics, 9(2), 3?19. doi: 10.15196/RS090201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15196/RS090201
View in Google Scholar
Bartkowiak, P., & Koszel, M. (2017). Forms of relationships among local government units in Polish Metropolitan Areas. Procedia Engineering, 182, 76?82. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2017.03.121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.03.121
View in Google Scholar
Başarangil, ?., & Ulaş, Ş. (2017). A research on the perceptions, attitudes and life satisfaction of the Cittaslow citizens sample of Vize County. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 8(1), 107?116.
View in Google Scholar
Batyk, I., & Woźniak, M. (2019). Benefits of belonging to the Cittaslow network in the opinion of residents of member cities. Economic and Regional Studies, 12(1), 56?67. doi: 10.2478/ers-2019-0006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ers-2019-0006
View in Google Scholar
Blakely, E. J., & Green Leigh, N. (2013). Planning local economic development: theory and practice. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
View in Google Scholar
Bouncken, R. B., Gast, J., Kraus, S., & Bogers, M. (2015). Coopetition: a systematic review, synthesis, and future research directions. Review of Managerial Science, 9(3), 577?601. doi: 10.1007/s11846-015-0168-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-015-0168-6
View in Google Scholar
Capello, R. (2000). The city network paradigm: measuring urban network externalities. Urban Studies, 37(11), 1925?1945. doi: 10.1080/713707232. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/713707232
View in Google Scholar
Cittaslow International Charter (2017). Retrieved from https://www.cittaslow.org /sites/default/files/content/page/files/257/charter_cittaslow_en_05_18.pdf (15.05.2020).
View in Google Scholar
Cittaslow ? International network of cities where living is easy. Innovation by tradition (2019). Retrieved from https://www.cittaslow.org/sites/default/files/ content/page/files/246/cittaslow_2019_brochure_1.pdf (18.05.2020).
View in Google Scholar
Cittaslow List (2019). Retrieved from https://www.cittaslow.org/sites/default/ files/content/page/files/246/cittaslow_list_november_2019.pdf (15.05.2020).
View in Google Scholar
Çiçek, M., Ulu, S., & Uslay, C. (2019). The impact of the slow city movement on place authenticity, entrepreneurial opportunity, and economic development. Journal of Macromarketing, 39(4), 404?414. doi: 10.1177/0276146719882767. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0276146719882767
View in Google Scholar
Coşar, Y., Timur A., & Kozak, M. (2015). The influence of slow city in the context of sustainable destination marketing. Marketing Places and Spaces, 10, 209?220. doi: 10.1108/S1871-317320150000010015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1871-317320150000010015
View in Google Scholar
Donaldson, R. (2018). Cittaslow: going nowhere slowly? In R. Donaldson (Ed). Small town tourism in South Africa. Cham: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-68088-05. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68088-0_5
View in Google Scholar
Drobniak, A. (2012). The urban resilience ? economic perspective. Journal of Economics & Management, 10, 5?20.
View in Google Scholar
Drobniak, A. (2019). Resilience and hybridization of development of small and medium towns in Poland. Olsztyn Economic Journal, 14(1), 47?62. doi: 10.316 48/oej.3644. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31648/oej.3644
View in Google Scholar
Erdogan, M. (2016). Local community perception towards slow city: Gokceada sample. Asian Social Science, 12(5), 241?246. doi: 10.5539/ass.v12n5p241. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v12n5p241
View in Google Scholar
Evans, G. (2015). Rethinking place branding and place making through creative and cultural quarters. In M. Kavaratzis, G. Warnaby, & G. J. Ashworth (Eds.). Rethinking place branding. Comprehensive brand development for cities and regions. Switzerland: Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12424-7_10
View in Google Scholar
Farelnik, E. (2019). Areas of cooperation between Cittaslow cities. In A. P. Balcerzak & I. Pietryka (Eds.). Proceedings of the 10th international conference on applied economics contemporary issues in economy: economics. Olsztyn: Institute of Economic Research. doi: 10.24136/eep.proc.2019.1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24136/eep.proc.2019.1
View in Google Scholar
Farelnik, E. (2020a). Determinants of the development of slow cities in Poland. Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, 64(7), 18?36. doi: 10.15611/pn.2020.7.02. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15611/pn.2020.7.02
View in Google Scholar
Farelnik, E. (2020b). Cooperation of slow cities as an opportunity for the development: an example of Polish National Cittaslow Network. Oeconomia Copernicana, 11(2), 267?287. doi: 10.24136/oc.2020.011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24136/oc.2020.011
View in Google Scholar
Farelnik, E., & Stanowicka, A. (2016). Smart city, slow city and smart slow city as development models of modern cities. Olsztyn Economic Journal, 11(4), 359?370. doi: 10.31648/oej.2938. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31648/oej.2938
View in Google Scholar
Farelnik, E., Stanowicka, A., & Wierzbicka, W. (2017). International cooperation between cities based on the example of the Cittaslow network. Olsztyn Economic Journal, 12(4), 415?425. doi: 10.31648/oej.2842. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31648/oej.2842
View in Google Scholar
Grzelak-Kostulska, E., Hołowiecka, B., & Kwiatkowski, G. (2011). Cittaslow International Network: an example of a globalization idea? In The scale of globalization. Think globally, act locally, change individually in the 21st Century. Ostrava: University of Ostrava.
View in Google Scholar
Hauke, J., & Kossowski, T. (2011). Comparison of values of Pearson?s and Spearman?s correlation coefficient on the same sets of data. Quaestiones Geographicae, 30(2), 87?93. doi: 10.2478/v10117-011-0021-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/v10117-011-0021-1
View in Google Scholar
Jaszczak, A., & Kristianova, K. (2019). Social and cultural role of greenery in development of Cittaslow towns. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 603(3), 1?9. doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/603/3/032028. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/603/3/032028
View in Google Scholar
Karatosun, M., & Çakar, D. (2017). Effects of Cittaslow movement on conservation of cultural heritage: case of Seferihisar & Halfeti, Turkey. Civil Engineering and Architecture, 5(3), 71?82. doi: 10.13189/cea.2017.050301. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2017.050301
View in Google Scholar
Kavaratzis, M. (2004). From city marketing to city branding: towards a theoretical framework for developing city brands. Place Branding, 1(1), 58?73. doi: 10.1057/palgrave.pb.5990005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.pb.5990005
View in Google Scholar
Konecka-Szydłowska, B. (2017). Differences in Polish network of Cittaslow towns in the socio-economic aspect. In E. Strzelecka (Ed.). Alternative models of urban development. Cittaslow network. Lodz: Publishing Office of the Lodz University of Technology.
View in Google Scholar
Landry, Ch. (2008). The creative city. A toolkit for urban innovators. London: Earthscan.
View in Google Scholar
Local Data Bank. (2020). Retrieved from https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/BDL/dane/pod grup/tablica (20.11.2020).
View in Google Scholar
Mayer, H., & Knox, P. (2006). Slow cities: sustainable places in a fast world. Journal of Urban Affairs, 28(4), 321?334. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9906.2006.00 298.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9906.2006.00298.x
View in Google Scholar
Meloun, M., & Militký, J. (2011). Statistical data analysis. A practical guide. Woodhead: Woodhead Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857097200
View in Google Scholar
Özmen, A., & Can, M. C. (2018). The urban conservation approach of Cittaslow Yalvaç. Megaron, 13(1), 13?23. doi:10.5505/MEGARON.2017.67689. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5505/megaron.2017.67689
View in Google Scholar
Pike, A., Rodriguez-Pose, A., & Tomaney, J. (2006). Local and regional development. London: Routledge. doi: 10.4324/9781315767673. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203003060
View in Google Scholar
Presenza, A., Abbate, T., & Alibrandi, A. (2014). From conservation to valorization of heritage assets: the contribution of Cittaslow certification. Proceedings of the International Conference Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality. Istanbul, Turkey.
View in Google Scholar
Presenza, A., Abbate, T., & Perano, M. (2015). The Cittaslow certification and its effects on sustainable tourism governance. Enlightening Tourism. A Pathmaking Journal, 5(1), 40?64. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.2827705. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2827705
View in Google Scholar
Radstrom, S. (2011). A place-sustaining framework for local urban identity: an introduction and history of Cittaslow. Italian Journal of Planning Practice, 1(1), 90?113.
View in Google Scholar
Roma, G., Fioretti, C., Sampaolo, S., & Coletta, V. (2012). Cittaslow: from Italy to the world international network of cities where living is easy. Milano: FrancoAngeli.
View in Google Scholar
Rowe, J. E. (2009). Towards an alternative theoretical framework for understanding local economic development. In J. E. Rowe (Ed.). Theories of local economic development. Linking theory to practice. London: Routledge. doi: 10.4324/9781315236315. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315236315
View in Google Scholar
Senetra, A., & Szarek-Iwaniuk, P. (2020). Socio-economic development of small towns in the Polish Cittaslow Network ? a case study. Cities, 103, 1?15. doi: 10.1016/j.cities.2020.102758. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102758
View in Google Scholar
Strzelecka, E. (2018). Network model of revitalisation in the Cittaslow cities of the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodship. Barometr Regionalny, 16(3), 53?62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56583/br.350
View in Google Scholar
Supralocal revitalisation program of the cities of the Cittaslow network of the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodeship (2019). Annex to the Resolution of the General Meeting of the members of the Association ?Polish Cittaslow Towns?, 17.
View in Google Scholar
Tocci, G. (2018). Slow and intelligent cities. When slow is also smart. In M. Clancy (Ed.). Slow tourism, food and cities. London: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315686714-8
View in Google Scholar
Wichowska, A. (2019). Shrinking municipalities and their budgetary revenues on the example of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in Poland. Oeconomia Copernicana, 10(3), 419?432. doi: 10.24136/oc.2019.020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24136/oc.2019.020
View in Google Scholar
Wierzbicka, W. (2020). Socio-economic potential of cities belonging to the Polish National Cittaslow Network. Oeconomia Copernicana, 11(1), 203?224. doi: 10.24136/oc.2020.009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24136/oc.2020.009
View in Google Scholar
Wierzbicka, W., Farelnik, E., & Stanowicka, A. (2019). The development of the Polish National Cittaslow Network. Olsztyn Economic Journal, 14(1), 113?125. doi: 10.31648/oej.3672. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31648/oej.3672
View in Google Scholar
Wilson, G. A. (2012). Community resilience and environmental transitions. London: Routledge. doi: 10.4324/9780203144916. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203144916
View in Google Scholar
Yurtseven, H. R., & Kaya, O. (2011). Slow tourists: a comparative research based on Cittaslow principles. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 1(2), 91?98.
View in Google Scholar
Zadęcka, E. (2018). Slow city as a local development model. Economic and Regional Studies, 11(3), 84?106. doi: 10.2478/ers-2018-0027. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ers-2018-0027
View in Google Scholar
Zawadzka, A. K. (2017). Making small towns visible in Europe: the case of Cittaslow network ? the strategy based on sustainable development. Transylvania Review of Administrative Sciences, Special Issues, 90?106. doi: 10.24193/tras. SI2017.6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24193/tras.SI2017.6
View in Google Scholar
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.