Integrating sustainability in the economics curriculum: Challenges and impact on future decision-makers
Abstract
Research background: Scientific evidence has shown the impact of environmental degradation on human well-being, demanding that political and economic decision-makers address the challenge of reversing this process. In this context, the economic education provided to future policymakers and business managers is crucial, because it can accelerate or impede the transition towards sustainability. What is taught in university economic courses, particularly introductory ones, shapes the ideas and the worldview of economic agents, influencing the decisions they will take in their professional activities.
Purpose of the article: The main objective of this paper is to determine how sustainability is addressed in introductory economics courses, where the foundations of the discipline are laid. Specifically, the goal is to uncover what ideas are conveyed about sustainability in these courses, how they are taught, and whether there have been any changes in the last decades.
Methods: Text Mining and Reflexive Thematic Analysis are applied to examine data from university syllabi and the most commonly used economic textbooks through the lens of a deconstruction of the complex concept of sustainability.
Findings & value added: The main contribution of this paper is a proposal for a deconstruction of the complex concept of sustainability that guides the empirical analysis. The results reveal that sustainability is practically absent from introductory economics courses; notably, no progress has been made on ethical issues or in addressing the impact of nature and environmental degradation on human well-being. Moreover, certain conceptions and models that work against the understanding of sustainability are conveyed in the most used textbooks. Although the role of economics discipline in understanding sustainability and in designing and implementing policies for an equitable sustainable transition is key, the teaching of economics offers resistance to change, remaining part of the problem of unsustainability. The integration of sustainability into the university economic courses still represents a major challenge with implications for future decision-makers.
Keywords
sustainability, sustainable development, economics education, education for sustainable development, pro-environmental policies
References
- Abad-Segura, E., & González-Zamar, M.-D. (2021). Sustainable economic development in higher education institutions: A global analysis within the SDGs framework. Journal of Cleaner Production, 294, 126133. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126133
View in Google Scholar - Agencia Nacional de Evaluación de la Calidad y Acreditación [ANECA] (2005). Libro blanco. Título de grado en Economía y Empresa. Madrid: Agencia Nacional de Evaluación de la Calidad y Acreditación.
View in Google Scholar - Anand, S., & Sen, A. (2000). Human development and economic sustainability. World Development, 28(12), 2029–2049. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(00)00071-1
View in Google Scholar - Badea, L., Serban-Oprescu, G. L., Dedu, S., & Piroșcă, G. I. (2020). The impact of education for sustainable development on Romanian economics and business students’ behavior. Sustainability, 12, 8169. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12198169
View in Google Scholar - Bäuerle, L. (2022). The power of economics textbooks. Shaping meaning and identity. In J. Maesse, S. Pühringer, T. Rossier, & P. Benz (Eds.). Power and influence of economists: Contributions to the social studies of economics (pp. 53–69). London & New York: Routledge.
View in Google Scholar - Baumgärtner, S., & Quaas, M. (2010a). Sustainability economics—General versus specific, and conceptual versus practical. Ecological Economics, 69(11), 2056–2059. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.06.018
View in Google Scholar - Baumgärtner, S., & Quaas, M. (2010b). What is sustainability economics? Ecological Economics, 69(3), 445–450. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.11.019
View in Google Scholar - Bertossi, A., & Marangon, F. (2022). A literature review on the strategies implemented by higher education institutions from 2010 to 2020 to foster pro-environmental behavior of students. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 23(3), 522–547. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-11-2020-0459
View in Google Scholar - Bonnett, M. (2002). Education for sustainability as a frame of mind. Environmental Education Research, 8(1), 9–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620120109619
View in Google Scholar - Bonnett, M. (2017). Environmental consciousness, sustainability, and the character of philosophy of education. Studies in Philosophy and Education, 36(3), 333–347. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11217-016-9556-x
View in Google Scholar - Bowles, S. (2008). Policies designed for self-interested citizens may undermine ‘the moral sentiments’: Evidence from economic experiments. Science, 320(5883), 1605–1609. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1152110
View in Google Scholar - Bowles, S. (2016). The moral economy: Why good incentives are no substitute for good citizens. New Haven: Yale University Press.
View in Google Scholar - Bowles, S., & Carlin, W. (2020). What students learn in economics 101: Time for a change. Journal of Economic Literature, 58(1), 176–214. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20191585
View in Google Scholar - Bowles, S., & Halliday, S. D. (2022). Microeconomics: Competition, conflict, and coordination. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
View in Google Scholar - Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2012). Thematic analysis. In H. Cooper, P. M. Camic, D. L. Long, A. T. Panter, D. Rindskopf & K. J. Sher (Eds.). APA handbook of research methods in psychology, Vol. 2: Research designs: Quantitative, qualitative, neuropsychological, and biological (pp. 57–71). American Psychological Association.
View in Google Scholar - Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2019). Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 11(4), 589–597. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2019.1628806
View in Google Scholar - Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021). Conceptual and design thinking for thematic analysis. Qualitative Psychology, 9(1), 3–26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/qup0000196
View in Google Scholar - Brenan, A., & Lo, Y.-S. (2020). Environmental ethics. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.). The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. Stanford: Stanford University.
View in Google Scholar - Brundtland, G. H. (1987). Our common future. (A/42/427; Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development). New York: United Nations General Assembly document.
View in Google Scholar - Bunge, M. (1998). Social science under debate: A philosophical perspective. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3138/9781442680036
View in Google Scholar - Bureau Van Dijk. (n.d.). Sabi Database. Iberian Balance Sheet Analysis System. Retrieved from https://login.bvdinfo.com/R0/SabiNeo.
View in Google Scholar - Byrne, D. (2022). A worked example of Braun and Clarke’s approach to reflexive thematic analysis. Quality & Quantity, 56(3), 1391–1412. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-021-01182-y
View in Google Scholar - Carlin, W., & Soskice, D. W. (2023). Macroeconomics: Institutions, instability, and inequality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
View in Google Scholar - Carpenter, S. R., & Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (Eds.). (2005). Ecosystems and human well-being: Scenarios: findings of the scenarios working group, millennium ecosystem assessment. Washington, DC: Island Press.
View in Google Scholar - Carpenter, S. R., DeFries, R., Dietz, T., Mooney, H. A., Polasky, S., Reid, W. V., & Scholes, R. J. (2006). Millennium ecosystem assessment: Research needs. Science, 314(5797), 257–258. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1131946
View in Google Scholar - Carter, J. R., & Irons, M. D. (1991). Are economists different, and if so, why? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5(2), 171–177. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.5.2.171
View in Google Scholar - Chakrabarty, D. (2009). The climate of history: Four theses. Critical Inquiry, 35(2), 197–222. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/596640
View in Google Scholar - Charmetant, H., Casari, M., & Arvaniti, M. (2024). What do economists teach about climate change? An analysis of introductory economics textbooks. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 110, 102192. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2024.102192
View in Google Scholar - Christensen, J. (2017). The power of economists within the state. Stanford: Stanford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503600492.003.0007
View in Google Scholar - Chuvieco, E., Carrillo-Hermosilla, J., López-Mújica, M., Campo-López, E., Lazo-Vitoria, X. A., Macias-Guarasa, J., Petre-Bujan, A. L., Perdigón-Melón, J. A., Guardiola-Soler, J., & Salado-García, M. J. (2022). Inventory and analysis of environmental sustainability education in the degrees of the University of Alcalá (Spain). Sustainability, 14, 8310. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148310
View in Google Scholar - Collins, R. (1998). The sociology of philosophies: A global theory of intellectual change. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
View in Google Scholar - Common, M., & Stagl, S. (2005). Ecological economics: An introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511805547
View in Google Scholar - Convention on Biological Diversity [CBD] (2022). Convention on biological diversity. Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity. CBD/COP/15/2. UN Environment Programme.
View in Google Scholar - CORE Team (2017). The economy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
View in Google Scholar - Costanza, R., & Daly, H. E. (1987). Toward an ecological economics. Ecological Modelling, 38(1–2), 1–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(87)90041-X
View in Google Scholar - Costanza, R., Cumberland, J., Daly, H., Goodland, R., Norgaard, R. B., Kubiszewski, I., & Franco, C. (2015). An introduction to ecological economics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/b17829
View in Google Scholar - Costanza, R., d’Arge, R., de Groot, R., Farber, S., Grasso, M., Hannon, B., Limburg, K., Naeem, S., O’Neill, R. V., Paruelo, J., Raskin, R. G., Sutton, P., & van den Belt, M. (1997). The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature, 387(6630), 253–260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/387253a0
View in Google Scholar - Costanza, R., de Groot, R., Braat, L., Kubiszewski, I., Fioramonti, L., Sutton, P., Farber, S., & Grasso, M. (2017). Twenty years of ecosystem services: How far have we come and how far do we still need to go? Ecosystem Services, 28, 1–16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.09.008
View in Google Scholar - Crutzen, P. J., & Stoermer, E. F. (2000). The anthropocene. Global Change Newsletter, 41, 17–18.
View in Google Scholar - Dasgupta, P. (2021). The economics of biodiversity: The Dasgupta review: full report. London: HM Treasury.
View in Google Scholar - Depro, B. (2022). Making introductory economics more relevant: Using personalized connections to introduce environmental economics. International Review of Economics Education, 39, 100230. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iree.2021.100230
View in Google Scholar - Editorial Nature (2022). Are there limits to economic growth? It’s time to call time on a 50-year argument. Nature, 603(7901), 361–361. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-00723-1
View in Google Scholar - Feinerer, I., Hornik, K., & Meyer, D. (2008). Text mining infrastructure in R. Journal of Statistical Software, 25(5), 1–54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v025.i05
View in Google Scholar - Feldman, R., & Sanger, J. (2007). The text mining handbook: Advanced approaches in analyzing unstructured data. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511546914
View in Google Scholar - Findler, F., Schönherr, N., Lozano, R., Reider, D., & Martinuzzi, A. (2019). The impacts of higher education institutions on sustainable development: A review and conceptualization. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 20(1), 23–38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-07-2017-0114
View in Google Scholar - Folke, C., Polasky, S., Rockström, J., Galaz, V., Westley, F., Lamont, M., Scheffer, M., Österblom, H., Carpenter, S. R., Chapin, F. S., Seto, K. C., Weber, E. U., Crona, B. I., Daily, G. C., Dasgupta, P., Gaffney, O., Gordon, L. J., Hoff, H., Levin, S. A., Lubchenco, J. Steffen, W., & Walker, B. H. (2021). Our future in the anthropocene biosphere. Ambio, 50(4), 834–869. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01544-8
View in Google Scholar - Frey, B. S., Pommerehne, W. W., & Gygi, B. (1993). Economics indoctrination or selection? Some empirical results. Journal of Economic Education, 24(3), 271–281. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1183127. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00220485.1993.10844799
View in Google Scholar - Fullbrook, E. (2009). Epistemology. In J. Peil & I. van Staveren (Eds.). Handbook of economics and ethics (pp. 123–129). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781848449305.00024
View in Google Scholar - Fundación Everis (2018). III Ranking Universidad-Empresa Fundación Everis. Encuesta a las empresas españolas sobre la empleabilidad de los recién titulados. Madrid: Fundación Everis.
View in Google Scholar - Goralnik, L., Nelson, M. P., & Vucetich, J. A. (2014). Sustainability ethics. In D. Rowe (Ed.). Achieving sustainability: Visions, principles, and practices (pp. 319–327). Farmington Hills, MI: Macmillan Reference USA.
View in Google Scholar - Granovetter, M. (1985). Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology, 91(3), 481–510. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/228311
View in Google Scholar - Granovetter, M. (2005). The impact of social structure on economic outcomes. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19(1), 33–50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/0895330053147958
View in Google Scholar - Green, T. L. (2012). Introductory economics textbooks: What do they teach about sustainability? International Journal of Pluralism and Economics Education, 3(2), 189. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPEE.2012.049198
View in Google Scholar - Green, T. L. (2013). Teaching (un)sustainability? University sustainability commitments and student experiences of introductory economics. Ecological Economics, 94, 135–142. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2013.08.003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2013.08.003
View in Google Scholar - Green, T. L. (2015). Lecturers’ perspectives on how introductory economic courses address sustainability. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 16(1), 44–56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-03-2013-0020
View in Google Scholar - Halkos, G., & Managi, S. (2023). New developments in the disciplines of environmental and resource economics. Economic Analysis and Policy, 77, 513–522. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2022.12.008
View in Google Scholar - Hardin, G. (1968). The tragedy of the commons. Science, 162(3859), 1243–1248. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.162.3859.1243
View in Google Scholar - Head, M. J., Steffen, W., Fagerlind, D., Waters, C. N., Poirier, C., Syvitski, J., Zalasiewicz, J. A., Barnosky, A. D., Cearreta, A., Jeandel, C., Leinfelder, R., McNeill, J. R., Rose, N. L., Summerhayes, C., Wagreich, M., & Zinke, J. (2022). The great acceleration is real and provides a quantitative basis for the proposed Anthropocene Series/Epoch. Episodes, 45(4), 359–376. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2021/021031
View in Google Scholar - Henckens, M. L. C. M., van Ierland, E. C., Driessen, P. P. J., & Worrell, E. (2016). Mineral resources: Geological scarcity, market price trends, and future generations. Resources Policy, 49, 102–111. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2016.04.012
View in Google Scholar - Herrington, G. (2021). Update to limits to growth: Comparing the World3 model with empirical data. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 25(3), 614–626. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13084
View in Google Scholar - Hickel, J., Kallis, G., Jackson, T., O’Neill, D. W., Schor, J. B., Steinberger, J. K., Victor, P. A., & Ürge-Vorsatz, D. (2022). Degrowth can work—Here’s how science can help. Nature, 612(7940), 400–403. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-04412-x
View in Google Scholar - Hodgson, G. M. (1993). Economics and evolution: Bringing life back into economics. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.14010
View in Google Scholar - Hodgson, G. M. (1998). The approach of institutional economics. Journal of Economic Literature, 36(1), 166–192.
View in Google Scholar - Holden, E., Linnerud, K., & Banister, D. (2017). The imperatives of sustainable development. Sustainable Development, 25(3), 213–226. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.1647
View in Google Scholar - Instituto Nacional de Estadística [INE] (n.d.). Encuesta de inserción laboral de titulados universitarios. Resultados. Retrieved from https://www.ine.es/dyn gs/INEbase/es/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736176991&menu=resultados&idp=1254735976597#!tabs-1254736195727.
View in Google Scholar - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC] (2015). Climate change 2014: Synthesis report. Retrieved from https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415416
View in Google Scholar - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC] (2022). Climate change 2022: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Contribution of working group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009325844
View in Google Scholar - Jaeger, W. K., Irwin, E. G., Fenichel, E. P., Levin, S., & Herziger, A. (2023). Meeting the challenges to economists of pursuing interdisciplinary research on human–natural systems. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 17(1), 43–63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/723835
View in Google Scholar - Jónasson, J. T. (2016). Educational change, inertia and potential futures: Why is it difficult to change the content of education? European Journal of Futures Research, 4(1), 7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40309-016-0087-z
View in Google Scholar - Jones, C. I. (2019). Paul Romer: Ideas, nonrivalry, and endogenous growth. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 121(3), 859–883. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/sjoe.12370
View in Google Scholar - Kallis, G., Kostakis, V., Lange, S., Muraca, B., Paulson, S., & Schmelzer, M. (2018). Research on degrowth. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 43(1), 291–316. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-102017-025941
View in Google Scholar - Kinol, A., Miller, E., Axtell, H., Hirschfeld, I., Leggett, S., Si, Y., & Stephens, J. C. (2023). Climate justice in higher education: A proposed paradigm shift towards a transformative role for colleges and universities. Climatic Change, 176(2), 15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-023-03486-4
View in Google Scholar - Krausmann, F., Lauk, C., Haas, W., & Wiedenhofer, D. (2018). From resource extraction to outflows of wastes and emissions: The socioeconomic metabolism of the global economy, 1900–2015. Global Environmental Change, 52, 131–140. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.07.003
View in Google Scholar - Krugman, P., & Wells, R. (2020). Essentials of economics. New York: Worth Publishers.
View in Google Scholar - Krugman, P., Wells, R., & Olney, M. L. (2007). Essentials of economics. New York: Worth Publishers.
View in Google Scholar - Kuhn, T. S. (1970). The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
View in Google Scholar - Leopold, A. (1949). The land ethic. In A sand county almanac and sketches here and there (pp. 201–226). New York: Oxford University Press.
View in Google Scholar - Maesse, J. (Ed.). (2022). Power and influence of economists: Contributions to the social studies of economics. London: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367817084
View in Google Scholar - Mankiw, N. G. (1998). Principles of economics. Fort Worth, TX: Dryden Press.
View in Google Scholar - Mankiw, N. G. (2020). Reflections of a textbook author. Journal of Economic Literature, 58(1), 215–228. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20191589
View in Google Scholar - Mankiw, N. G. (2021). Principles of economics. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning, Inc.
View in Google Scholar - Marwell, G., & Ames, R. E. (1981). Economists free ride, does anyone else?: Experiments on the provision of public goods, IV. Journal of Public Economics, 15(3), 295–310. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(81)90013-X
View in Google Scholar - Meadows, D. H., Randers, J., & Meadows, D. L. (2004). Limits to growth: The 30-year update. New York: Chelsea Green Publishing.
View in Google Scholar - Mearman, A. (2009). Realism. In J. Peil & I. van Staveren (Eds.). Handbook of economics and ethics (pp. 433–440). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781848449305.00063
View in Google Scholar - Mearman, A., Guizzo, D., & Berger, S. (2018). Whither political economy? Evaluating the CORE Project as a response to calls for change in economics teaching. Review of Political Economy, 30(2), 241–259. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09538259.2018.1426682
View in Google Scholar - Meierrieks, D. (2021). Weather shocks, climate change and human health. World Development, 138, 105228. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105228
View in Google Scholar - Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (Ed.) (2005). Ecosystems and human well-being: Synthesis. Island Press.
View in Google Scholar - Ministerio de Educación y Formación Profesional (2022). EDUCAbase. Retrieved from http://estadisticas.mecd.gob.es/EducaDynPx/educabase/index.htm?type= pcaxis&path=/Universitaria/EUCT/2021/Titulaciones/&file=pcaxis.
View in Google Scholar - Ministerio de Trabajo y Economía Social (2022). Perfiles de la oferta de empleo 2022. Retrieved from https://www.sepe.es/HomeSepe/que-es-el-sepe/observatorio/ perfiles-de-la-oferta-de-empleo/documentacion-perfiles/ver-documentacion-perfiles.html?perfilType=perfilesCompletos&.
View in Google Scholar - Ministerio de Universidades (2022). Datos y cifras del Sistema Universitario Español. Publicación 2021-2022. Retrieved from https://www.universidades.gob.es/ publicaciones-e-informes/.
View in Google Scholar - Ministerio de Universidades (n.d.). Clasificaciones estadísticas universitarias. Retrieved from https://www.universidades.gob.es/clasificaciones-estadisticas-universitarias/.
View in Google Scholar - Moranta, J., Torres, C., Murray, I., Hidalgo, M., Hinz, H., & Gouraguine, A. (2021). Transcending capitalism growth strategies for biodiversity conservation. Conservation Biology, 36(2), e13821. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13821
View in Google Scholar - Murphy, T. W. (2022). Limits to economic growth. Nature Physics, 18(8), 844–847. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-022-01652-6
View in Google Scholar - Noguera-Méndez, P., & Cifuentes-Faura, J. (2023). Environmental sustainability in economics teaching: Analysing Spanish upper secondary economics textbooks. Environmental Education Research, 29(9), 1221–1238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2022.2069680
View in Google Scholar - Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2017). Thematic analysis: Striving to meet the trustworthiness criteria. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16(1), 1–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847
View in Google Scholar - OECD (2020). Beyond growth: Towards a new economic approach. Paris: OECD Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/33a25ba3-en
View in Google Scholar - Ogutu, H., El Archi, Y., & Dénes Dávid, L. (2023). Current trends in sustainable organization management: A bibliometric analysis. Oeconomia Copernicana, 14(1), 11–45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24136/oc.2023.001
View in Google Scholar - Ostrom, E. (2009). A general framework for analyzing sustainability of social-ecological systems. Science, 325(5939), 419–422. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1172133
View in Google Scholar - Palmer, C., McShane, K., & Sandler, R. (2014). Environmental ethics. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 39(1), 419–442. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-121112-094434
View in Google Scholar - Peil, J., & van Staveren, I. (Eds.). (2009). Handbook of economics and ethics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781848449305
View in Google Scholar - Polasky, S., Kling, C. L., Levin, S. A., Carpenter, S. R., Daily, G. C., Ehrlich, P. R., Heal, G. M., & Lubchenco, J. (2019). Role of economics in analyzing the environment and sustainable development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(12), 5233. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1901616116
View in Google Scholar - Pörtner, H.-O., Scholes, R. J., Agard, J., Archer, E., Arneth, A., Bai, X., Barnes, D., Burrows, M., Chan, L., Cheung, W. L. (W.), Diamond, S., Donatti, C., Duarte, C., Eisenhauer, N., Foden, W., Gasalla, M. A., Handa, C., Hickler, T., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Ichii, K., Jacob, U., Insarov, G., Kiessling, W., Leadley, P., Leemans, R., Levin, L., Lim, M., Maharaj, S., Managi, S., Marquet, P. A., McElwee, P., Midgley, G., Oberdorff, T., Obura, D., Osman, E., Pandit, R., Pascual, U., Pires, A. P. F., Popp, A., Reyes-García, V., Sankaran, M., Settele, J., Shin, Y. J., Sintayehu, D. W., Smith, P., Steiner, N., Strassburg, B., Sukumar, R., Trisos, C., Val, A. L., Wu, J., Aldrian, E., Parmesan, C., Pichs-Madruga, R., Roberts, D. C., Rogers, A .D., Díaz, S., Fischer, M., Hashimoto, S., Lavorel, S., Wu, N., & Ngo, H. (2021). Scientific outcome of the IPBES-IPCC co-sponsored workshop on biodiversity and climate change (Version 5). Zenodo.
View in Google Scholar - Putnam, H. (2002). The collapse of the fact/value dichotomy and other essays. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
View in Google Scholar - Putnam, H. (2003). For ethics and economics without the dichotomies. Review of Political Economy, 15(3), 395–412. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09538250308432
View in Google Scholar - R Core Team (2018). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrieved from https://www.r-project.org.
View in Google Scholar - Rockström, J., Beringer, T., Hole, D., Griscom, B., Mascia, M. B., Folke, C., & Creutzig, F. (2021). We need biosphere stewardship that protects carbon sinks and builds resilience. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(38), e2115218118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2115218118
View in Google Scholar - Rockström, J., Steffen, W., Noone, K., Persson, Å., Chapin, F. S., Lambin, E. F., Lenton, T. M., Scheffer, M., Folke, C., Schellnhuber, H. J., Nykvist, B., de Wit, C. A., Hughes, T., van der Leeuw, S., Rodhe, H., Sörlin, S., Snyder, P. K., Costanza, R., Svedin, U., Falkenmark, M., Karlberg, L., Corell, R.W., Fabry, V. J., Hansen, J., Walker, B., Liverman, D., Richardson, K., Crutzen, P. & Foley, J. A. (2009). A safe operating space for humanity. Nature, 461(7263), 472–475. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/461472a
View in Google Scholar - Rodriguez-Sickert, C. (2009). Homo economicus. In J. Peil & I. van Staveren (Eds.), Handbook of economics and ethics (pp. 223–229). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781848449305.00037
View in Google Scholar - Rodrik, D. (2016). Economics rules: The rights and wrongs of the dismal science. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
View in Google Scholar - Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations. New York: The Free Press.
View in Google Scholar - Romanello, M., Di Napoli, C., Drummond, P., Green, C., Kennard, H., Lampard, P., Scamman, D., Arnell, N., Ayeb-Karlsson, S., Ford, L. B., Belesova, K., Bowen, K., Cai, W., Callaghan, M., Campbell-Lendrum, D., Chambers, J., van Daalen, K. R., Dalin, C., Dasandi, N., Dasgupta S., Davies M., Dominguez-Salas P., Dubrow R., Ebi, K. L., Eckelman, M., Ekins, P., Escobar, L. E., Georgeson, L., Graham, H., Gunther, S. H., Hamilton, I., Hang, Y., Hänninen, R., Hartinger, S., He, K., Hess, J. J., Hsu, S. C., Jankin, S., Jamart, L., Jay, O., Kelman, I., Kiesewetter, G., Kinney, P., Kjellstrom, T., Kniveton, D., Lee, J. K. W., Lemke, B., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Lott, M., Batista, M. L., Lowe, R., MacGuire, F., Sewe, M. O., Martinez-Urtaza, J., Maslin, M., McAllister, L., McGushin, A., McMichael, C., Mi, Z., Milner, J., Minor, K., Minx, J. C., Mohajeri, N., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Morrissey, K., Munzert, S., Murray, K. A., Neville, T., Nilsson, M., Obradovich, N., O'Hare, M. B., Oreszczyn, T., Otto, M., Owfi, F., Pearman, O., Rabbaniha, M., Robinson, E. J. Z., Rocklöv, J., Salas, R. N., Semenza, J. C., Sherman, J. D., Shi, L., Shumake-Guillemot, J., Silbert, G., Sofiev, M., Springmann, M., Stowell, J., Tabatabaei, M., Taylor, J., Triñanes, J., Wagner, F., Wilkinson, P., Winning, M., Yglesias-González, M., Zhang, S., Gong, P., Montgomery, H., & Costello, A. (2022). The 2022 report of the Lancet countdown on health and climate change: Health at the mercy of fossil fuels. Lancet, 400(10363), 1619–1654. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01540-9
View in Google Scholar - Romer, P. M. (1990). Endogenous technological change. Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), S71–S102. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2937632. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/261725
View in Google Scholar - Røpke, I. (2020). Econ 101—In need of a sustainability transition. Ecological Economics, 169, 106515. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.106515
View in Google Scholar - Sen, A. (2003). On ethics and economics (Reprinted). Oxford: Blackwell.
View in Google Scholar - Sepulveda, C. F. (2020). Explaining the demand and supply model with the cost-benefit rule. International Review of Economics Education, 35, 100194. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iree.2020.100194
View in Google Scholar - Silge, J., & Robinson, D. (2017). Text mining with R: A tidy approach. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly.
View in Google Scholar - Soulé, M. E. (1985). What is conservation biology? BioScience, 35(11), 727–734. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1310054
View in Google Scholar - Sovacool, B. K., Kim, J., & Yang, M. (2021). The hidden costs of energy and mobility: A global meta-analysis and research synthesis of electricity and transport externalities. Energy Research & Social Science, 72, 101885. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101885
View in Google Scholar - Steffen, W., Richardson, K., Rockström, J., Cornell, S. E., Fetzer, I., Bennett, E. M., Biggs, R., Carpenter, S. R., de Vries, W., de Wit, C. A., Folke, C., Gerten, D., Heinke, J., Mace, G. M., Persson, L. M., Ramanathan, V., Reyers, B., & Sörlin, S. (2015). Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet. Science, 347(6223), 1259855. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1259855
View in Google Scholar - Steffen, W., Sanderson, A., Tyson, P., Jäger, J., Matson, P., Moore, B., Oldfield, F., Richardson, K., Schellnhuber, H. J., Turner, B. L. I., & Wasson, R. J. (2004). Global change and the earth system: A planet under pressure. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/b137870
View in Google Scholar - Steg, L. (2016). Values, norms, and intrinsic motivation to act proenvironmentally. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 41(1), 277–292. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085947
View in Google Scholar - Sterling, S. (2013). The sustainable university—Challenge and response. In S. Sterling, L. Maxey, & H. Luna (Eds.). The sustainable university—Progress and prospects (pp. 1–34). London: Routledge/Earthscan. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203101780
View in Google Scholar - Stern, N. (2022). A time for action on climate change and a time for change in economics. Economic Journal, 132(644), 1259–1289. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueac005
View in Google Scholar - Stigler, G. J. (1959). The politics of political economists. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 73(4), 522–532. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1884301
View in Google Scholar - Stigler, G. J. (1983). Nobel Lecture: The process and progress of economics. Journal of Political Economy, 91(4), 529–545. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1831067. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/261165
View in Google Scholar - Su, C. W., Liu, F., Stefea, P., & Umar, M. (2023). Does technology innovation help to achieve carbon neutrality? Economic Analysis and Policy, 78, 1–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.01.010
View in Google Scholar - United Nations Development Programme [UNDP] (2020). The next frontier: Human development and the Anthropocene. New York: United Nations Development Programme.
View in Google Scholar - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization [UNESCO] (2005). United Nations decade of education for sustainable development (2005-2014): International implementation scheme. Retrieved from https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000148650.
View in Google Scholar - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization [UNESCO]. (2017). Education for sustainable development goals: Learning objectives. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000247444.
View in Google Scholar - United Nations General Assembly (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for sustainable development (A/RES/70/1). Retrieved from https://www.refworld.org/docid/57b6e3e44.html.
View in Google Scholar - Valente, T. W. (2012). Network interventions. Science, 337(6090), 49–53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1217330
View in Google Scholar - van de Laar, E., & Peil, J. (2009). Positive versus normative economics. In J. Peil & I. van Staveren (Eds.). Handbook of economics and ethics (pp. 374–382). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781848449305.00056
View in Google Scholar - Voulvoulis, N., Giakoumis, T., Hunt, C., Kioupi, V., Petrou, N., Souliotis, I., Vaghela, C., & binti Wan Rosely, W. (2022). Systems thinking as a paradigm shift for sustainability transformation. Global Environmental Change, 75, 102544. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102544
View in Google Scholar - Vucetich, J. A., & Nelson, M. P. (2010). Sustainability: Virtuous or vulgar? BioScience, 60(7), 539–544. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2010.60.7.9
View in Google Scholar - Vucetich, J. A., Bruskotter, J. T., & Nelson, M. P. (2015). Evaluating whether nature’s intrinsic value is an axiom of or anathema to conservation: Nature’s intrinsic value. Conservation Biology, 29(2), 321–332. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12464
View in Google Scholar - Wackernagel, M., & Rees, W. (1996). Our ecological footprint: Reducing human impact on the Earth. Philadelphia: New Society Publishers.
View in Google Scholar - Walsh, V. (2009). Fact/value dichotomy. In J. Peil & I. van Staveren (Eds.). Handbook of economics and ethics (pp. 144–151). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781848449305.00027
View in Google Scholar - Wang, J.-Z., Feng, G.-F., Yin, H.-T., & Chang, C.-P. (2023). Toward sustainable development: Does the rising oil price stimulate innovation in climate change mitigation technologies? Economic Analysis and Policy, 79, 569–583. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.06.034
View in Google Scholar - Wilson, E. O. (1984). Biophilia. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9780674045231. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674045231
View in Google Scholar - Winter, J., Zhai, J., & Cotton, D.R.E. (2022). Teaching environmental sustainability in China: Opportunities and challenges for business and economics faculty in higher education. Environmental Education Research, 28(2), 318–332. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2021.2012560
View in Google Scholar
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.